Perspective projector and enlarges



S. HINE PERSPECTIVE PROJECTOR AND ENLARGER May 13; 1947.

Filed April 4, 1945 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 NEW COPY SURFACE SHELDON HINE. u

May 13, 1947. s. HINE 2,420,316

PERSPECTIVE PROJECTOR AND ENLARGER Filed April 4, 1945 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 ANGLE X N D FIG 5 EXAMPLE= c g i gals/325W TAN ANGLE x g TAN ANGLE X 30,000 30.000: A ABC 15 SIMILAIZ Amv I 5x5280 26.1 3636 SCALE OFMAP TRACE!) 0N ACETATE D I ANGLE X- 48 39. S m

6 I6 I s :w ANGLE x A H *6 SANGLE X Y 5 sm ANGLE x x SCALE 0' MAP 90 D gwuww y- SHELDON m us Patented May 13, 1947 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,420,316 PERSPECTIVE PROJECTOR AND ENLARGER Sheldon Hine, United States Navy Application April 4, 1945, S erial No. 586,616

(ores-26) 3 Claims.

(Granted under the act amended April 30, 1928; 370 O. G. 757) This invention relates to a perspective projector and enlarger and has for an object to prov de a device by use of which a map may be accurately reproduced in an enlargement or in a perspective or in an enlarged perspective upon a delineating surface by a person using a pencil, tool, marking implement, or other recording method.

A further object of this invention is to provide a means of reproducing a contour map in any desired perspective corresponding to a desired angle and altitude from the area of such map.

Still a further object of this invention is to reproduce a contour map in such a perspective form that it will accurately reproduce the area of the map as it would appear from an aircraft at a particular angle and altitude'therefrom.

Still another object of this invention is to provide a means for reproducing a map or other object in any desired perspective and for reproducing a contour map so that the map would have the same perspective as the actual area would have when viewed from a predetermined altitude and angle.

With the foregoing and other objects in view, the invention consists in the construction, comminatio-n and arrangement of parts hereinafter set forth, claimed and illustrated in the drawings in which:

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the invention in use making a perspective.

Fig. 2 is a schematic perspective View showing the making of a perspective contour map.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged perspective fragmentary detailed view.

Fig. 4 is a top plan view of Fig. 3, and

Fig. 5 is a diagrammatic View used in preparing perspective angle tables.

This invention includes the feature of converting a fiat map into'a perspective map so that the perspective map will show the appearanc of an area from any particular altitude and angle of approach within the limits of visibility to assist in identifying the area. The device for performing this feature includes three principal parts, a circular disc IU of transparent material, preferably acetate, on which is traced the map ll being processed, a knockdown stand l2 on which the acetate disc II is adjustably mounted, and a source of light l3 such as a flashlight I4 mounted on a supporting stand I5. In addition, of course, there is a new copy surface It on which the finished perspective map is being prepared. The circular acetate disc H has its center I! marked by a cross and theimap outline I I is placed thereon by tracing it with India drawing ink or China marking pencil. To facilitate the application of the India ink, a light dusting of talcum powder may be first placed thereon and when a, difierent map is to be placed thereon, the previous tracing may be washed off.

The maps to be produced by this invention are of March 3, 1888, as

especially intended for use by aircraft which will approach the area at a given altitude H and given angle X so that the area such as an island i8 will have the same appearance on the finished map that it has from the aircraft 2!] when it is at the altitude H and distance D and angle X. When tracing the map H on to the acetate disc in the map should be properly oriented accordin to the bearing at which the area or island l8 will be approached. The acetate disc 10 should be so placed on the map that a diameter line 2| will pass through both the near point 22 and the far point 23 on the map when tracing the image ll thereon.

The frame l2 on which the acetate disc [0 is mounted includes a pair of feet 24 adapted to be adjustably connected as at 25 by an adjustable crossbrace 26. Supported on each foot 24 is a knockdown triangular upright 21 including a, short vertical leg member 28, a base member 30 and hypotenuse member 3|. The acetate disc I!) is mounted on the pair of triangular uprights 2'! 'so that it may be adjusted both angularly and vertically. The disc I0 is secured between a pair of clamping plates 32 and 33 by means of bolts and wing nuts 34, having been first properly oriented so that the diameter line 2| locates the map H at the proper bearing. The clamping plate 33 is mounted on one end of a block 35 whose other end is split as at 38 and countersunk as at 31 sothat it may slide on toa graduated scale 38 and be secured thereon in any adjusted position within the limits thereof by means of a bolt and wing nut 40.

The scale 38 is in turn mounted on the top of a supporting plate 4| to which is secured a protractor 42. The supporting plate 4| is pivotally secured by means of a bolt and wing nut 43 between the vertical leg 28 and the hypotenuse leg 3| of the triangular upright 21. The vertical leg 28 is provided with an arrow 44 for cooperation with the protractor graduations 45. As a result of this construction, the disc I0 may .be angularly adjusted as desired by loosening the bolt and wing nut 43 and rotating the disc l0 about this pivot as indicated by the protractor 42 to a desired angle. Likewise, the vertical height of the disc l0 may be changed while maintaining it at the same angle by loosening the bolt and wing nut 41] and sliding the block 35 along the graduated scale 38 any desired distance as indicated by the graduations 46 thereon which are pivotally graduated in tenths of an inch;

The light source I 3, which includes a reflectorless flashlight l4 maintained on a support [5, is so placed with relation to the circular disc Ill that the rays from the light source I3 passing through the acetate disc Ill will project a shadow of the map ll thereon on to a new copy surface 16 placed therebehind and appear on the new copy surface as a shadow outline 41, which out..

line 41 may be traced thereon in pencil or ink to make the same permanent so that it may be photographed or otherwise reproduced.

As shown in Fig. 1, the map 4'! reproduced on the new copy surface i is, of course, a perspective determined by the angle at which the disc ID has been placed with relation to the light source l3. If a straight enlargement without any perspective is desired, the circular disc I 0 will be placed at the vertical angle of 90 degrees, parallel to the plane of the new copy surface l6 and the flashlight l4 will be placed at the same' elevation as the center I! of the disc Hi. In order to determine that a true enlargement is being produced with no angular distortions, as well as to measure the amount of enlargement, a measured square may be temporarily drawn on the acetate disc I0 and if its shadow reproduction is also a true square, it will be obvious that there is no distortion in the map projected on the new copy surface. Likewise, the relation of the length of the sides of the projected square to the original square will show the factor of enlargement.

An important use of this invention is for convertin fiat contour maps into perspective contour maps and for doing this so that the perspective contour map will reveal the area exactly as it appears from a certain distance at a cer tain altitude. In Fig. 5 there is shown diagrammatically an aircraft 20 which is at an altitude H and a distance D from an area of island l8 and is, therefore, at the perspective angle therefrom. When this has been drawn to the proper scale, this angle may be measured with a protractor and then the protractor 42 is set at this angle to give a fairly accurate solution. However, the perspective angle may be determined more accurately mathematically. In order to determine the perspective angle mathematically, it is necessary to know the altitude to be simulated and the distance from the objective to be simulated. The following tables when the above two factors are read into them give the correct perspective angle and the correct distance in feet and inches from the light source l3 to the center I! of the circular acetate disc l0.

[Altitude of plane: 1,000 feet] Horizontal distance Distance from light source to center of acetate tracing of map for the following scales from plane to Perspectlve Objective angle 1-2 000 1'6 000 1-12 000 1-20 000 1-40 000 1'60 1 mile 10 43 2 8%" 0' 10% 0 5%" .5 mile 20 45' 1 4 0 5% [Altitude of plane: 2,500 feet] Horizontal distance Distance from light source to center of acetate tracing of map for the following scales from plane to Perspective angle 1-2 000 1-6 000 1-12 000 1-20 000 1-40 000 2 miles 13 19 5 5% l 9540 1 mile 20 2 llMe 0 11 3411 .5 mile 43 26' l 9 %e 0 7% [Altitude of plane: 5,000 feet] Horizontal distance Perspective Distance from light source to center of acetate tracing of map for the following scales from plane to Objective angle 1-2 000 1'6 000 1-12 000 1-20 000 1-40 000 10 43' 13 5%6 4 5% 17 31 8 3 M 2' 9% 25 20 5 10%" 1 11%" 43 26 3' 7% 1' 2%6" 62 10' 2 9 e 0' 11% a [Altitude of plane: 7,500 feet] Horizontal distance Perspective Distance from light source to center of acetate tracing of map for the following scales from plane to bjecfive angle 1-2 000 1'6 000 1-12 000 1-20 000 1-40 000 5 miles 15 52 13 8 16 4 6%" 2' 3%6 l 4 /ic 0' 8% 0 5% [Altitude of plane: 10,000 feet] Horizontal distance Perspective Distance from light source to center of acetate tracing of map for the following scales from plane to Object angle 1-2 000 1'6 000 1-12 000 1-20 000 10 miles 0 10 43 8 11%0 4 5% 2 8%" 1 4A 5 mile 20 45 14 1%" 4 8 /ic 2 4% 1 4 40 0 8%" 3 miles 32 16' 9 4% 3 1%0 1 6 4 0 1134 0 5 2 miles: 43 26 1' an" 2' 5m" 1' 2%" 0' 8% 0' his" 1 mile 62 10' 5' 7%" 1' 10%" 0' 11%;" 0' 6-24" .5 mile 13 6 2545 1 8 a 0 10945 0 6%0" 120,000, or a en 2' 9 and 1 7 foot table, reading over equals 2.8 feet. Then Value, /12.0o0,

(1 scale, which is the distance d the center of rted to m light the peres, the approximate from light source to empted. The

hat are con- -vo1t flashtate disc contour map 50 on the '30 somewhere between 1:12.000 and 1 distance somewhere betwe This is seen in the 20,000 from 5 miles. The 2 9 2.8 feet is m tiplied by its scale 5 and this is multiplied by the desire is /1 The answer, 2.24 feet fixed between the light source an the acetate map tracing. This is conve feet-inches 2 2%". Other problems are worked similarly.

Limitations of the device The image on the new copy surface cannot be seen distinctly when the distance fro 65 source to acetate exceeds 10 feet. When spective angle is 10 degre maximum effective distance acetate is two feet. Perspective angles of less than 10 degrees should not be att sidered average conditions, using a 2.5 light and a distance of two feet from ace II! to new copy surface I Fig. 2 shows how a flat 75 disc [0 has been converted into a perspective con- [Altitude of plane: 12,000 feet] Map scales 125,000. If either the 5 hus determined are 60 13 and the center 5 illustrates how the ;15,000. Find the column one. We

on the angular adthe tables give no :15,000 scale. Interdesired value lies bles. 6000,

10, 5, 3, 2, 1, and

the acetate disc It must :2000, 1: 60,000, and 1 scale, altitude, or the distance with does not match the values tables, interpolation may be done. tive angle X thus determined is set on the prodistance from the objec Altitude of plane or 42. But

ith the 1 polation is necessary. The

The above tables provide for distance Example of a perspective angle problem Assume that a given altitude is 20 jective of 25, 15,

scale of the map on properly read in the ta tractor 42. The distances t fixed between the light source of the acetate disc 10. Fig. values in the tables were determine a horizontal miles, and a map scale of 1 table headed Find 5 miles in that tables it is found that the perspect This perspective angle is set justment protract values for maps w tour map on the new copy surface 52. The contour interval on the map 50 to its scale is determined. If, for instance, the maps contour interval is 100 feet, that is, if contour lines 53, 54, 55 and 56 on the map indicate a difference, in elevation of 100feet or 1200 inch'es,'and if the maps scale is 1:2,000, then the mapfs scale contour interval is inch, which is determined'by dividing 1200 by 2000. If the maps scale is 1:12,000 with the same contour interval in the above example, then the maps scale contour in-' terval is inch, determined by dividing 1200 by 12,000.

In preparing the perspective contour'map 5| the highest altitude contour interval line 53 is first projected by means of the light source I 3 and appears as the perspective contour line 53 on the new copy surface 52. Th'en assuming that the scale contour intervals are 6 inch as in the last example above, theacetate disc I0 is moved diagonally downward on the vertical adjustment scale 38 a distance exactly equal to the scale contour interval, that is, inch on the scale graduations 46 of the scale 38. Then theprojection 0f the contour line 54 is copied on the new copy surface 52 appearing thereon as at 54', that part which overlaps the contour projection 53 being omitted because it is the part of the area that would be invisible from the particular angle. In a similar way, the acetate disc [0 is lowered successively to produce the contour reproductions 55 and 56', thus completing the particular map 50 mapped on the disc Ill. The dash lines 60 indicate the successive planes of the disc l0 as it is moved diagonally downwardbetween each projection.

Thus, by setting the disc at an appropriate selected angle, a perspective map at the particular angle may be made on the new copy surface Hi. If the angle of the disc [0 is 90 degrees, that is, parallel to the plane of the new copy surface, the map appearing on the new copy surface will be an undistorted enlargement whose factor of enlargement depends on the relative distance between the new copy surface, the disc and the light source, while when a contour map is placed on the transparent disc, it may be translated into a perspective contour map by following the procedure above outlined of moving the disc a distance proportional to the elevation of the contour lights as above described.

Due to the knockdown construction of the triangular upright 21; it is obvious that the light stand l2 may be disassembled to occupy a minimum amount of space for shipping or storage purposes along with the disc and flashlight support and that it may be easily reassembled whenever needed.

Other modifications and changes in the number and arrangement of the parts may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the nature of this invention, within the scope of what is hereinafter claimed.

The invention herein described and claimed may be manufactured and used by or for the 8 Government of the United States of America for governmental purposes without the payment of any royalties thereon or therefor.

What is claimed is: 1. In an apparatus of the character described,

, a transparent member'adapted to have a design traced thereon, means for adjustably mounting said transparent member for supporting it at a selected angle, means for indicating the selected angle at which said transparent member is mounted, said adjustable mounting means including means for moving said transparent member '21. measured distance normal to its plane, means for indicating the amount of movement in said normal direction, a light source, means for supporting said light source on one side of said transparent member and a shadow receiving surface supported on the opposite side of said transparent member.

2. A map perspective and enlargement producing device comprising a transparent disc adapted to have a map surface delineated thereon, a knockdown stand adjustably supporting said transparent disc for angular adjustment and for adjustment normal to its plane, a source of light at one side of said disc and a map receiving surface at the opposite side of. said disc, said stand including a pair of feet, an upright supported on each'foot, each upright including a clamp for attachment to an edge of said disc.

3. A map perspective and enlargement producing device comprising a transparent disc adapted to have a map surface delineated thereon, a stand adjustably supporting said transparent disc for angular adjustment and for adjustment normal to its plane, a source of light at one side of said disc and a map receiving surface at the opposite side of said disc, said stand including a pair of feet, an upright supported on each foot, each upright including a clamp for attachment to an edge of said disc, a graduated scale, means for adjustably securing said clamp member along said graduated scale permitting and measuring the normal movement of said scale, a protractor extending normal to said scale on which said scale is mounted, and means pivotally securing said protractor to said upright for permitting and indicating the angular adjustment of said disc.

SHELDON HIN E.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS 

